Amakhandlela, ithuluzi lokukhanyisa nsuku zonke, ikakhulukazi elenziwe ngopharafini, ezikhathini zasendulo, ngokuvamile enziwa ngamafutha ezilwane. Ingasha ukuze ikhiphe ukukhanya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhandlela asetshenziselwa izinhloso eziningi: emicimbini yokuzalwa, imikhosi yezenkolo, ukulila kwamaqembu, nemicimbi yemishado nemingcwabo. Emisebenzini yemibhalo neyobuciko, amakhandlela anencazelo engokomfanekiso yomhlatshelo nokuzinikezela.
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, kukholelwa ukuthi amakhandlela avela kumathoshi ezikhathi zakudala. abantu bakudala bapenda amafutha noma i-wax emagxolweni noma emapulangwe okhuni bawabopha ndawonye ukuze benze izimbaqa zokukhanyisa. Kuthiwa futhi ezikhathini zangaphambi kweQin nezikhathi zasendulo, abanye abantu babebopha i-mugwort nomhlanga enqwabeni, bese beyicwilisa emafutheni athile bese beyikhanyisa. Kamuva, othile wasonga umhlanga ongenalutho ngendwangu wawugcwalisa ngengcina yezinyosi ukuze awuthungele.
Impahla eluhlaza eyinhloko yamakhandlela ipharafini (C₂₅H₅₂), eyenziwe ngengxenyana ye-wax kawoyela ngemva kokucindezela okubandayo noma i-solvent dewaxing. Kuyingxube yama-alkane ambalwa athuthukile, ikakhulukazi i-n-dodecane (C22H46) ne-n-dioctadecane (C28H58), equkethe cishe u-85% wekhabhoni kanye no-14% we-hydrogen. Izinto ezisizayo ezingeziwe zihlanganisa amafutha amhlophe, i-stearic acid, i-polyethylene, i-essence, njll., lapho i-stearic acid (C17H35COOH) isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukuthambile, futhi ukwengeza okuqondile kuncike ekutheni hlobo luni lwamakhandlela akhiqizwayo. Kulula ukuncibilika, ukuminyana kungaphansi kwamanzi ancibilika kanzima emanzini. Ukushisa kuncibilika kube uketshezi, okungenambala obala kanye nokushisa okuguquguqukayo kancane, kungahogela iphunga eliyingqayizivele likapharafini. Uma kubanda, iqinile emhlophe, inephunga elincane elikhethekile.
Ukuvutha kwekhandlela esikubonayo akukhona ukusha kwepharafini eqinile, kodwa isisetshenziswa sokuthungela sithungela umnyombo kakotini, futhi ukushisa okukhishwayo kwenza upharafini oqinile uncibilike futhi uhwamuke ukuze ukhiqize umhwamuko kapharafini, ovuthayo. Lapho ikhandlela likhanyiswa, ilangabi lokuqala lincane futhi kancane kancane likhudlwana. Ilangabi lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu (ilangabi langaphandle, ilangabi elingaphakathi, inhliziyo yomlilo). Umgogodla welangabi ngokuyinhloko uwumhwamuko wekhandlela onezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu; ipharafini yelangabi yangaphakathi ayishiswa ngokuphelele, izinga lokushisa liphakeme kunesikhungo somlilo, futhi liqukethe izinhlayiya zekhabhoni; ilangabi elingaphandle lithinta umoya nomoya, futhi ilangabi likhanya kakhulu, lishiswe ngokuphelele, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthi lukamentshisi lwenziwe isicaba ngokushesha elangabini futhi lukhishwe ngemva kwesekhondi elingu-1, uthi lukamentshisi oluthinta ingxenye yelangabi engaphandle luba mnyama kuqala. Ngesikhathi ucisha ikhandlela, ungabona i-wisp yentuthu emhlophe, nomentshisi ovuthayo wokukhanyisa intuthu emhlophe, ingavuselela ikhandlela, ngakho-ke kungafakazelwa ukuthi intuthu emhlophe iyizinhlayiya ezincane eziqinile ezikhiqizwa upharafini. umhwamuko. Lapho ikhandlela livutha, imikhiqizo yokuvutha yi-carbon dioxide namanzi. Isisho samakhemikhali: C25H52 + O2 (ekhanyisiwe) CO2 + H2O. Into evuthayo ebhodleleni le-oxygen ukukhanya okumhlophe okukhanyayo, okukhulula ukushisa, kanye nenkungu yamanzi odongeni lwamabhodlela.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-04-2023